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The outer layer of friction skin is known as the stratum corneum. This layer is part of the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of skin that serves several important functions, including protection and hydration. The stratum corneum consists primarily of dead skin cells that have become keratinized, forming a tough barrier that resists mechanical stress and environmental factors. This characteristic is especially important in areas of the skin subjected to friction, such as the fingertips and palms, which enhance tactile sensations and grip.

In contrast, the other layers, such as the dermis and subcutaneous layer, play roles in support and nourishment of the skin but are not classified as outer layers of friction skin. The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis, where new skin cells are generated, and it does not function as a protective outer layer. Thus, the stratum corneum is both the outer layer and crucial for the skin's durability against external forces.